Typewriting machine



Dec. 26, 1939. w. A. DOBSON I TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Oct. 23, 1956 7Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR:

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V w. A. DOBSION TYPEWRITING MACHINE 7 Filed Oct. 25, 1956 7 Sheets-Sheet s W. A. DOBSON.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Dec. 26; 1939.

Filed Oct. 23, 1936 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 mw mm a N: a

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Dec. 26,1939. I w DQBSQN 2,184,735 I I TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Oct.25, 1936 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY.

Dec. 26, 1939. w DQBSON 2,184,735

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed 001.25, 1936 7 Sheets-Sheet s W. A. DOBSONTYPEWRITING MACHINE Dec. 26, 1939.

Filed Oct. 23, 1956 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Patented Dec. 26, 1939 UNITEDSTATES PATENT, OFFICE 'rrrrwarrmc MACHINE- William A. Dobson,Wethersfield, Conn., assignor to Underwood Elliott Fisher ,-Company, NewYork, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application October 23, 1936,Serial No. 107,175'

23 Claims.

ward a common printing point upon the front of the platen. The planes inwhich the typebars swing converge on a line tangent with the platenanda. little in front thereof, the typeguide immediately in front of theplaten serv-,

ing to finally guide and direct the bars in a central vertical planetoward the platen. The typebars are pivoted well below the platen upon acommon pivot wire which is curved about a point in the line at which thetype-bars converge and at right angles to such line. The type-bars arepivoted upon the pivotwire and segment slots serve to space thetype-bars and to guide the bars accurately towardthe printing point. Thepivot wire is curved on the smallest possible are. The type-bars havebeen made short to economize on space, especially important in a machineof the portable class.

In many noiseless type actions, the type swings at a decided angledownwardly toward the front face of the platen, resulting in a poor andblurry impression, and it might be said that the type is wiping upon theplaten, which is especially bad when a number of carbon copies are to bemade. a

Any looseness of the platen in its hearings or other looseness in theconstruction increases this tendency to produce poor'and blurryimpressions. a

The present invention aims to improve the quality of the imprint andalso aims to improve the visibility of the printing line while improvingthe key-touch. These improvements are 7 obtained without increasing thesize of the machine. On the contrary, the height of the machine may be'reduced considerably while the ,saleability of the machine may beincreased be cause of the more attractive appearance. In the presentimprovement, the type-face on all bars is substantially on a linepassing through-the type-bar 'pivot,-and all the *types are presented,substantially straight to the printing point." The type strikesztheplaten at an inclined plane and 1 all the typeebar pivots'are locatedin, ornear this plane, that-is, each; bar carries,its type head-n havinganupperand lower-case character, with,

the face substantially inline with the itype-bar pivot. -This insures aclear-cut impression, there 3 being-no; blurring; The types arepf suchshape and design andare. carrie'd upomthe type-bar in; a way torequire-the least working space andzt he least space in the type-barnest The thrust, of the type on all type-heads is nearly in the (Cl.197-30)- I a direction of the platen axis, and in this invention, isalso in the direction of 1121c stationary nd t support usually providedbehi e carriage to back up the pressure exerted against the carriage bythe printing types. The carriage there fore has no chance to yield.There is no upward or downward pressure which may tend to displace or torotate the platen,an advantage which is gained because the type isguided in the direction squarely against the axis of the platen I andthe rear support. The individual type im pression is therefore perfectlyin alignment with other typing. The impression is clear andnondistorted.

In the present application of this invention, the type-bars are shapedto strike the platen in a rearwardly inclined plane. This striking angleis also inclined to the plane in which the typebar pivots are located,the latter plane being inclined forwardly. The type-bars have typeheadsincluding upper and lower case characters. Each type-bar is bent at theupper end near the type-head, the bends being varied for each type-barso that the upper case character is exactly above the lower casecharacter and in an inclined plane when presented to the platen. Thetype-action of the side type-bars tends to become somewhat lesseflicient because of the greater angular bends in these type-bars sothat the pivots which mount the extreme type-bars are positioned exactlyin the plane tangent to the platen at the printing point and the centraltype-bars, having approximately no angular bend, are positionedapproximately in this plane, I

or substantially in this plane from an operative viewpoint, but slightlyofiset from this plane geometrically.- Each type-head is fastened uponthe type-barat the upper end.- The shank of the type-head when swingingtoward the platen is behind the type-face and within the path throughwhich the type-head travels. In the case of the extreme side actionsspecial care must 'be taken to maintainthis condition.

Features of the invention include the provision of improvements inthefclass of typewriters disclosed in patent tov Going, 1,908,140. s

A type-action includes ,a pivotedtype-bar in 1 which the type isimpressed directly on. the

platen at the printing point in a line perpen,-;

dicularto the tangent "of the platen at the printitangential plane.

'ing ;point,.and with the face of the type in the w This result isattained by, mounting the type-bars on pivots mounted below the platen,the entire array of pivots being;

approximately positioned forgoperation of the 551.

; type-bars, in the planetangent. totheplaten at p int y means oftype-bar actions which may'include toggles'. The toggle may g point ndauatme t p -bars be connectedsto the I top of the type-bar at apointsufiiciently near 0 through the axis of the platen, and the upwardrotation of the printing point may be substantially 15, so that thevisibility of the printing while the typewriter is operated isincreased.

Another improvement is the mounting of the pivotal supports for theabove-mentioned toggle action on an arcuate pivot rod that is insubstantially the same horizontal. plane as the platen, and in a planethat parallels the axis of the platen whereby a substantially directthrust towards the platen is given to the toggle.

Another improvement is the mounting of the pivot rod which fulcrums thetype-bars'in a plane below the platen and below the pivot rod whichpivotally mounts the toggles, said pivot rods being mounted in planessubstantially parallel toeach other, whereby a compact and efli-' cienttype-bar action is provided.

Another improvement is the provision of a secondary toggle pivotallyconnected to the firstmentioned toggle which acts to directly impress atype on the platen in a line perpendicular to the tangent of the platencylinder at the printing point.

A further improvement is the provision of a type-bar rest for thetype-bars in their forward inoperative position on a forwardly anddownwardly inclined segment so that they lie nested substantially'in aplane through the printing point on the platen, and a larger horizontalarc than heretofore employed is provided for the type-bars for a.typewriter having a standard key-board, standard letter-spacing, and afull complement of type-bars, this construction providing a greater areof travel for each type-bar from the inoperative position in engagementwith the segment rest to the printing point on the platen, and sopermitting of a full set of 44 typebars in a typewriter of standard-sizetype-faces without any interference of the type-bars during operation.This forward declination of the front segment greatly improves theappearance and saleability of the typewriter by downwardly inclining thetop of the front structure of the typewriter substantially. The generalarrangement of declining toward the front the segments which mount thepivot rod of the type-bars and the pivot rods of the toggles also lowersthe center of gravity of the typewriter and therefore increases itsstability in operation.

Another advantage flowing from the improved construction is the factthat extra space may be provided'in'the portable case which encloses thetypewriter. An important utility derived from the arrangement of thetype-bars and the actuating toggles in a greater arc-is that all of thelinks which connect the type-actions and the keylevers are effective togive a substantially downward transmission of power from. the key-leverto the connected type-bar action, which substantially eliminates lateralor sidewise thrusts and consequent friction and wear of the type-baractions, as well as eliminating friction on the sides of the slots ofthe comb which guides the type key-levers. These links are uniform inform and size, thereby producing economy in manu-' facture and service.1

- Another improvement is a slot-connection between the key-lever and theactuating link whereby the slot may be readily opened or closed bybending a wall of the slot.

Another improvement is a spring anchor mounted on the segment thatcarries the pivot rod of the secondary toggle for mounting the recoilsprings that restore the secondary toggle to inoperative position.

Another improvement is the combination of a fixed upright on the framewhich operatively contacts a horizontal bar mounted in the carriage atthe rear of and parallel with the platen in a plane intersecting theplaten axis and the printing point, and a squeeze type-action bearing onthe printing point in a line perpendicular to the tangent at theprinting point.

The foregoing improvements improve the ease of action of the typewriter,improve the appearance and saleability of the typewriter, improve thevisibility at the printing point, improve the sharpness and theclearness of the type impressions for a given key action, and generallyenhance the operative emciency of the typewriter by reducing frictionand wear.

In other words, the improvements essentially comprise a typewriter ofthe front-strike, noiseless class having a substantially rearward toggleaction for impressing the type on the platen, in which the type-bars areall pivoted in a plane substantially tangential to the printing point,the type-face as it strikes the platen moves in a plane perpendicular tothe tangential plane at the printing point, and the type-face as itengages the platen coincides with the same tangential plane. It will beunderstood also that this compact, low-slung organization of parts isvery desirable in a typewriter of the portable type.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is an elevation, viewed from the left, partly in section alonga central vertical plane, showirfg the type-action next to the right ofthe middle and the type-action at the extreme right.

Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the structure of the key-leverprior to connecting the lower end of the link that actuates the frontend of the primary toggle.

Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2, but with the link andthe'key-lever connected.

Figure 4 is a plan view showing the top segment in its relation to thevertical ribbon-shafts, with the type-bar rest and the slots in whichthe front elements of the primary toggles are pivoted.

Figure 5 is a left-side elevation of the improved type-action imprintingon the platen. with. the front segment and the type-bar rest in section.

Figure 6 is a plan view showing one of the side type-bars with the typenear the platen for im printing.

Figure 7 is a plan view showing the type-bar shown in Figure 6 with thetype-guide in horizontal section.

Figure 8 is an enlarged elevation of the typebar head and the type shownin Figure '7 and looking in a direction opposite to the arrow. Figure 9is a plan view showing thekey-levers, their mounting, connecting links,the extreme front ends of the primary toggles, all of the keylevers atthe right of a center line being shown and a few at the left, and theribbon universal bar and the guide-comb for the key-levers at the rear.

Figure 12 is a left-side elevation showing the type-bar shown in Figure11 about to engage the platen, the bar and the pivotally connectedtoggle being broken away. I

Figure 13 is a plan view showing the second type-bar from the-extremeright engaging the platen and a few others reclining on the rest at theback of the top segment.

Figure 14 is a plan view of the die designed to form type-bars for thetype-actions in the second position from the extreme left and from theextreme right respectively. Figure 15 is a section on the line l-15 ofFigure 14.

Figure 16 is a section on the line l6-I6 of Figure 14.

Figure 17 is a view like Figure 16 but with the parts of the dieseparated.

Figure 18 is a design view showing the die in outline, the fiat type-barblank next-to the mid-, dle, and various geometrical relationshipsbetween the type-bar and the cooperating parts of a typewriter.

Figure 19 is a view at right angles to Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a side elevation of a middle type action, showing also thekey-levers of the intermediate and extreme side type-actions.

Figure 21 is a design view showing the die in outline, the flat type-barblank next to the last one on the right or the corresponding type-bar onthe left, and various geometrical relationships between the type-bar andthe cooperating parts.

Figure 22 is a side view of the blank type-bar shown in Figure 23 withthe bent tab in dotand-dash outline.

Figure 23 is the lower part of the die for forming the type-bar next tothe extreme left and the extreme right and that shown in Figure 21.

Figure 24 is the top .part of the die shown in Figure 23 inverted. J

Figure 25 shows a type bar head before trimming the edge along a lineK-K.

Figure 9, the type-action immediately to the right of the center line is23 and the type-actionat the extreme right is 44. Some of thetypeactions, from 3 .to 19, inclusive, are omitted'frorn the figure.- Atypewriter frame. 5| is mounted on the usual feet 52 andsupports acylindrical platen 53 which is mounted for case-shifting assho'wn inFigure 1. The operatingkeys 54 hamm rows of different height; A,standard key-board is composedof key-levers 55, which j'rnay be described as low-slung, beinggbent downwardly" under. the typewriter so asto fill. the lowest over. As will be described hereinafter, this con-5struction-pernflits rape lowering of the ent-ire top, structure and solessens the, height of the" machine. .Each key lever 5 5 ismo'l inted at"the; rear on the transverse pivot rod 56, a'nd recipro-Q cates ,up anddown at the front in sguide slotsjil of the. transverse combfil which;caz ries'afsound deadening top stop 59, andalso a sound-deadenpaths ting bottom stop 60. These stops 56 and 66 limit the. motion of thekey-levers 55 upwards and downwards respectively. The key-levers 55 alsoslidably oscillate in the guide slots 62 in a transverse comb 6l,mounted in front of the transverse pivot rod 56. The comb 6| is the rearwall of a transverse bracket 63, which is formed at the front witha'dependent flange 64 which has a transverse row of anchor holes 65, onefor each key-lever 55, in which upper ends of return springs 66 aresecured, the lower ends of said springs 66 being adjustably fixed in oneof a row of notches 61 on the lower edge of each keylever 55. If thecoil spring 66 is fastened in the forward notch 61 it increases thetension of the spring and therefore makes a heavier touch on the keys54, and vice versa, if the coil-spring is secured in a notch to therear, it lessens the tension on the coil spring and therefore lightensthe touch on the keys 54. Y

A universal bar 68 is mounted to oscillate downwardly and upwardly underthe key-levers 55 immediately in front of the notches 61, on therock-shaft 69 as shown in Figures. 1 and 9, the rock-shaft 69 beingpivotallymounted in the side walls of the typewriter 5|. Return springsH fastened to the ends of the bracket 63 and to inwardly turned lugs I2which are supported on side arms 13 of the ribbon'universal bar 68,raise theuniversal bar 68 after its depression by the key-levers 55. Anescapement universal bar 14 has an upper forwardly projecting arcuateplate and is mounted for movement upwardly and downwardly on arock-shaft l5fand actuates the esoapement mechanism. (not shown) in amanner well-known in portable typewriters of this class. I

The mechanism connecting'the ribbon universal bar 68 with ribbon spoolshafts I6 is also well known in this class of portable typewriters andis not shown in the drawings. Ribbon spools 11 are mounted on the ribbonshaft 16in the usual manner. A pair of coil springs 18 lift theuniversal bar 14 to normal position.

A transverse cross-piece I9 is mounted in the typewriter 5| below theplaten 53 and in front of it, and centrally of the cross-piece 19, a

bracket 86 is vertically supported thereon by means of screws I01, asshown in Figure 6. The

bracket 86 supports at the top a type guide 8| which is inclinedrearwardly at an angle of 15 to the vertical. which there is a fullcomplement of 44, comprises a type-bar 82 which has alower camming edgeEach ofthe type actions. of'

83 which engages the arcuate flange 16 of the escapement universal bar-14 and depresses it downwards to feed the platen a letter-space astype-bars 82 ismounted at the lowerend on an writer 5 I.

.thetype-bar engages the platen. The array of with reference to Iahorizontal. plane1 atflan angle of p 109. 1t will be 1 noted, that thearcuate. pivot I rod 84 mounts the'rarray. of type-bars 32, 150; that Iwhen imprinting. they aresubst'antiallylina plane? space and provideroom for other parts there.

that is tangential. to the platen 53 at the fprint-fl ing; point;mere'bf a d tne'pivot points also sung stantia lly liewithin this plane'The segment 85 j ..is provided with radial gu' e slots 86 "which'tend tognaintain t e 'tybebaris ftz "i theirlnor m'al wa gmth a ents; Ea h 53at the printing point, it is traveling in a line perpendicular to thetangent at the printing point as shown in Figure 12. The faces of type88 at the instant of impressing the platen at the printing point lie inthe plane tangential to the platen cylinder at the printing point. Eachtypehead 81 supports at the top and bottom lateral guides '89 which, asshown in Figure 6, engage guides 9I formed by cutting away centrallyparts of the upper and lower cross-pieces 90 of the guide 8|. Thecross-pieces 90 of the type-guide 8|, as shown in Figure 6, securelyhold the guides 9| in the exact predetermined positions so that theletter-spacing is always precise. The guides 9| in front of the printingpoint have faces that lie in planes parallel with the central plane andeach guide 9| is a direction-changing guide for any type-bar head 81that strikes from the oppo site side of the central plane, and eachtype-bar head 81 carries on its side towards the engaging face of theguide 9| a lateral guide 89 having an outer face which, at the printingposition, is parallel with the central plane and therefore parallel withthe engaging face of the guide 9|.

It is apparent therefore that any type-bar head 81 during its movementtowards the printing point and just prior to striking the platen isdeflected by the'engagement of a lateral guide 89 and the engaging faceof the guide 9|, so that it always strikes perpendicularly on theplaten. Each type-bar head 81 has a different angular relationship tothe corresponding type-bar 82 and this angular relationship is fixed bybending the type-bar at the top. In printing position at the platen,each type-head 81 tilts rearwardly at an angle of 15. All of thetype-heads 81 converge at a point that lies within the guide 8|.

Each type-bar 82 is pivotally connected with a primary toggle 93 whichhas a rearwardly extending arm 94 mounted on a pivot 95 which is'secured to the type-bar 82 near the head 81. The

' forward arm 96 of the primary toggle 93 is pivotally mounted on anarcuate rod 91 which is tilted forwardly and downwardly and lies in aplane which is inclined 10 to the horizontal and is therefore parallelwith the plane formed by the pivot rod 84. A front segment 98 supportsthe pivot rod 91 and is also tilted forwardly and downwardly at an angleof 10. surface of the segment 98 supports an arcuate sound-deadeningtype-bar rest 99, on which the type-heads 81 normally rest ininoperative position. The segment 98, with the type bar rest 99 and thepivot rod 91, is disposed in a plane in close proximity to thehorizontal plane of the platen axis and has itsarc formed on a greatercircle than isiusual in a portable typewriter having a standard sizekey-board. Each arm 96 slidably oscillates in a guide-slot I formed inthe segment 98, and thereby the primary toggle 93 is limited to thepredetermined path of movement. Each arm 96 of the toggle has a lowerforwardly projecting extension or arm IOI which, with arm 96 constitutesan operating lever at the front end of which is pivotally mounted a linkI02, which, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, terminates at the lower end ina crook or bend I03, which in turn operatively engages a verticalelongated slot I04. In each key-lever 55 the rear wall I of each slotI04 may be separated from the key-lever at the upper end of the slot I04by a horizontal cut so that the rear wall I05 of the slot I04 is easilybent sidewise, either to close the slot after inserting the crook I03therein, or to open the slot' I04 for the removal of the The inner rear"crook I08 therefrom. All of the links I02 are of the same length, formand size, which makes them interchangeable in manufacture or service Ihave heretofore caused lateral thrusts in the type-actions and frictionand wear in both the actions and in their mountings.

Reference to v Figure 9 indicates that downward pressure on any key 54imparts a substantiallydo ward thrust on the forward extension IOI ofeach primary toggle 93. As shown in Figure 20, the slot I I04 is formedin the rear end of a horizontal extension I 06 which overlies thecorresponding keylever 55 but is in the same plane. The key-levers 55 intype-action 24, next to the center line of the key-board, have theshortest extensions I 06 and the extensions increase in length so thatthe extension I06 in type-action 36 is greater and the extreme lengthoccurs in type-action 44. These extensions I06 serve to eliminatesubstantia ily any forwardly or rearwardly inclining of the links I02,and are of such length as to give equal key dip for all the keys. A linkI 08 is mounted by means of a pivot I09 substantially in the middle onthe lower edge of the arm 96 and together with the vertically mountedarm On the top I of the segment II3 a flat resilient arc-shaped" pieceH4 is secured over a sound-deadening layer I26 of felt or the like andforms a slightly yielding stop for a finger I I5 formed on the lowerrear edge of the arm III. The link I08 has a depending extension oreccentric body 6 which forms a fly-weight or momentum accumulator forthe primary toggle 93. As shown in Figure 5 the fly-weight H6 is in theoperative position impressing the platen and the lower end of theconnecting link I02 has traveled downwardly in the vertical slot I04 inthe key-lever 55. In other words, the downward stroke on the key-leverdoes not carry the type 88 to the printing point on the platen 53 but itsimply inaugurates and carries through the type-action a part way andtoggles are all in substantially parallel forwardly inclined verticalposition or in a foldedcompact position. i

The initial motion'of the type-actions'is slower than the final motionso that the touch on the "-N constituting the theoretical main portionof the type-bar for the type-bar-tab.

keys 54 remains light and easy. A recoil spring H8 is secured to thebottom of each secondary, toggle arm II I and is fastened at the fronton a spring anchor II9 which is fastened on top, of the segment] I3 byscrews I20 at each side.

A carriage I2I supports the platen on an antifriction roller track I22which is mounted for case-shifting on arms I23, pivotally connected bypins I24 to lugs depending from the track support I25. Mountedtransversely of the carriage at the rear of the platen and below thehorizontal axis at an angle of 15 to the horizontal axis, is a bar I2'Iwhich is of rigid construction and as the carriage I 2I moves, the baroperatively engages an upright post I28 centrally mounted on the frameof the typewriter The squeeze-action type impression requires a veryprecise adjustment of the relationship of the type-face and the printingpoint on the platen so that yielding of the platen to the rear mightvary the sharpness and the clearness of the type impressions, andtherefore in combination with a squeeze connection type impressiondirectly on the platen surface, it is-of considerable importance thatthe platen be rigidlyheld and secured against rearward yielding.

The planes of the type-bar tabs I3! and the heads 81 converge inprinting position at equal angles toward the center plane of themachine. The type system includes 44 type-bars 82, all having type-heads81 in bent-ofi relation with the main portion of the type-bar. Theextreme outer bars have'the sharpest bends, while toward themiddle ofthe machine these bends decrease and may be almost nothing near thecenter of the machine. The bending line N, and the angle of bendof thetab I 3'! on-each type-bar 82, is determinedseparately as follows:Considering, for instance, the type-action 43 shown in Figure 21, thetype bar swings or converges toward a central vertical plane of themachineat an angle of 46 The plane of the type-carrying tab I31, whenthe typeis in printingposition, may be inclined at an equal angle of 4615 toward the tangent plane through the printing point at the middle ofthe type-face ,88. The type-face 88 presses at a tangent plane againstthe platen, at a point in a line M passing through the platen axis, saidtangent plane being inclined at to the plane in which all the type-barpivots are arranged. The plane of the type-bearing tab I3I intersectsthe plane of the type-bar along a line bend line. This bend-dine N atthe time of printing mustalso lie in aplane going through the. platen,axis at one-half of 25, or 12 2 inclined to the plane S (Figure 18) atwhich all type-bar pivots are arranged. The line N intersects the platenaxis at the point 0. This same point 0 is intersected by the line M,drawn in the plane of the type-bearing tab I3I through the center ,oftheglower case type-face ,when the type-bar is at the printing point. Animaginary line P is formed at the intersection of the type-bar workingplane, and

.a plane above and parallel with the type-bar pivot plane, and'passingthrough the same point 0 in the platen axis. Figure 21 shows a diagramincluding the outline of a type-bar blank at the side of the systembefore the type-bearing tab I3! is bent. Line N represents the bendingline The line Q representsfthe line at which all the type-bar planesconverge. The point 0 is a point where the plane of the type-actionconsidered intersects the platen axis.

. I 38 is bent off the vof\a twin die (I3I,

vided with holes I34- to For the outermost type-bar action considered,this point is the furthest removed from the converging line Q. The lineP to O is parallel with the line S, representing the plane of thetype-bar pivots, and is the same distance removed therefrom for anytype-bar considered. In the present design, the angles between the linesP and N or M and N are equal in each separate action to be consideredand may be calculated by the formula: 4 1 Tangent of the angle- PN orMN=cosine of the angle of convergence of the type-bar action toward thecenter plane times the. tangent of half the angle between the planeparallel to the type-bar pivots at plane from the platen axis to theprinting point.

The type-bar tab I3I ts bent from the main portion of the bar along theline N and the bend may be calculated as follows:

The sine equal to half of the angle between the type-bar tab and themain portion of the type-bar=cosine of angle between the plane parallelto the type-bar pivots at the printing point and the plane from theplaten axis to the printing point divided by cosine of the angle betweenthe 25 lines N and P.

In Figures 14,-18, and 21, it may be seen that the main portion ofthetype-bar 82 extends above the bending line N. It is a feature of theinvention to connect the pressure transmitting a arm 94 as near aspossible and behind the typebar head 81, as at 95, without increasingthe space required for a type-bar p82 to clear the next bar. It istherefore evident that the pressure is applied in close proximity to thetype-bar head 87 and there is no practical tendency for the type-bar 82to yield due to pressure. can be seen in Figure 14 a triangular portionmain portion of the type-bar. This bend is made to clear thetype-bar-next to it. This triangular portion I38 may be .parallel to thetype-bar tab I3! and is bent from the plane of the main portion of thetype-bar 82 Just above the connecting pivot 95 of the pressuretransmitting member 94 along a line X, which may be called the secondarybending line, the primary bending line being designated as N. Thetriangular bent-off portion I38 and the typefastening tab I3 'I may bejointedby a short bent connecting-portion I3.9 bounded by the bendinglines 1! and z.

The machine includes 44 type-bars. For each type-bar 82 at the left ofthe machine. there is a similar bar 82 to the right of the machine withthe same angular bends, but in opposite 'directions. To produce thebends on "the type-bars, there may be used a set of bending dies I29(Figure 16) each die I29 may be in the form I33) forming one left andone right type-bar 82 at one operation. The lower half I3I of the dieI29 may have pins or posts I32 and the type bar blank 82 may beproprovide type-bar and toggle-connecting pivots for proper location ofthe' blank upon the die. The lower half I3I of the die I29 includes atrapezoidal face I35 inclined at the proper angle to bend a pair oftype-head tabs I31 and also rovides a side face I36 for "each triangularbent-off portion I38. Corresponding coacting faces I35, I36 are providedon the upper part I33 tion I40 serves as a the type-bar blank I35 isinclined and of the die. A large flat porbed for the main portion of 82,and the inclined surface demarked therefrom along the line N; eachsurface I35 has a trapezoid area,

the printing point and the 5 the non-parallel edges forming a bendingline Y for one left and one right type-bar tab I31. These non-parallelbending edges of the die are inclined at an angle W, whose value is"determined as hereinafter set forth, and may be disposed rightalongside the faces on the die that pins form the triangular bentportions I38 of the type-bars 82.

Two type-bar blanks 82 to form one left and one right type-bar may bepositioned over the pins I32 of the lower die I3I. The upper die portionI33 may then descend to form the bends. There are required22 twin diesI29 to form the bends for all the type-bars, each twin die having facesof proper size and location and being inclined at the proper angle tothe main flat portion I48 of the die. Each die I28 includes gaging I32individually located in each die so that the type-bar blank 82 mayreceive the bends in proper relation to the main body of the bar.

The type-bar blank 82 may be of slight oversize at the type-bar carryingtab I31, and one blank may be used for all the type-bars. The type-bars82 may be trimmed along a line K after being bent, to form an accurateedge against which athe type-bar head 81 may be gaged for fasteningpurposes. The blanks may be formed in several different shapes, thedifferent shapes being used for forming type-bars to be used indifferent positions, perhaps four or five different shapes being used,the exact shape for each pair of type-bars being finally determined bythe bending and trimming operations. The typeheads 81 may be riveted byrivets I42 upon the type-bars and the rivet holes I may also be punchedout after the type-bars 82 are shaped. It is preferred that the trimmingand'the punching of the rivet holes be done after the bar is bent toshape to insure accuracy of location.

Special trimming tools may be used to trim typeheads 81 along a line KKas shown in Figure Each bending die I29 has the pins I32 locateddifferently and in exact relation to the main bending line N and thetheoretical point 0 from which the main bending line N radiates. In theembodimentof the invention shown in the drawings each type-bar 82 at thetime of printing, has

its head'81 and corresponding flat fastening tab I31 inclinedltoward theplaten at an angle which is equal to the incline of the type-bar actiontoward the printing point. For this reason no change is required in thetype-head 81 as used in the marketed Underwood machine. However, theangle of inclination of the bar and the type-bar tab portion need notagree; it is only necessary that each type-bar tab' I131 and eachtype-head 81 stand inclined toward the platen in printing position to anextent to permit a minimum clear ance of the type-bars while swinging.

The following formulas enable the angles of bend for each pair oftype-bars to becalculated. Tangent of angle between 'lines PN or =cosineof angle of convergence of a typebar tangent.

'The derivation of'the above formula is from the following:

permitting cancellation of the common factor, distance 0 to Q.

Sine or half of angle Example for No. 22 or No. 23 type-action typebarshaving an angle of convergence with central plane of 1 15': tangent ofangle between lines PN or MN=.99976 .22169=.22164, and the anglecorresponding to tangent .22164: 29' 50".

Example for No.2 and No. 43 ty -action typebars, having an angle ofconvergence of 46 15': tangent of angle between PN or MN'==.69151.22169=.153301, and the angle corresponding to tangent Sine of half ofangle between main portion of type-bar and bent-ofi tab= from whichcommon factor 0 to Qxcosine of angle between type-bar plane and centerplane is cancelled.

The rule is: Sine=cosine tangent. Substituting according to above rulein the preceding formula, the sine of half the angle between the mainportion of a type-bar and the bent tab= cosine 1 2 X tangent 1 2?tangent 12=}Xcosine of angle between PN- or MN Example for No. 22 and 23type-action typebars: Cosine 12%;=.97630 Cosine of 12 29' 50"=.9'7631Sine of half the angle of bend:

.9763 9 -38768 The'angle corresponding to the sine .98'168 is 81 and thefull bend is 2 8l=162. Distance 0 to Q, that is, from line ofconvergence to point of intersection O is found by the followingformula: Distance 0 to Q=distance from line of convergence squarely onto axis of platen divided by cosine' of angle between the type-bar planeand the center plane of the typewriter. I

For type-bars No. 2 and43, distance 0 to-Q= v -1.1388 I Distance 0 to Qis calculated for ,each individual pair of bars formed by the twin die.

Angle W=- -ang1e between lines PN or MN (see Figure 24).

From a consideration of Figurejl it is clear that these improvements ina noiseless typewriter are also of considerable advantage in a portabletypewriter because a very compact construction is produced by gettingall of the operative parts into a minimum space and utilizing thelowermost space underlying the typewriter between its feet'and thesupporting table, increasing thestability of a portable typewriter bylowering the center of gravity and having all of the segmentsin aposition that may be termed flow-slung, inclined forwardly anddownwardly to the maximum degree permitted by the space afforded.

This forward inclination of "the segments also enhances the appearanceand saleability of a portable typewriter and gives extra space withinthe portable case over the machine in front of the platen, As shown,each arm I H is formed of two interengaging parts which serve to balancethe swing of the fiy-weight H6 supported between the upper ends thereof.It is also to be understood that increase of the arc of the typebarsegment rest 99 and its downward inclination increases the arc of travelof type-bar-head 81 to and from the printing point on the platen 53,thereby assuring non-interference of the typebars in action.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention andportions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1. In a front-strike,noiseless typewriter, in

; combination, a platen, a set of type intercepting the front of theplaten above the horizontal plane through the axis thereof, a set oftype-bars carrying said type and operating in planes substantiallyradiating from the printing point, a set of type-key levers, eachlying'in substantially a direct front to rear position, and disposedbelow the corresponding type-bars, a system of actuating connectionsbetween said type-bars and typekey levers, said system of actuatingconnections including levers disposed above the key-levers and operatingin planes substantially radiating forwardly and rearwardly from a givenpoint, and links, one for each type-action connecting said radiatingoperating levers to corresponding type key levers, said radiatingoperatinglevers presenting an array of operating arms diverging "towardthe planes of the corresponding type-key levers, and a front segmentproviding a type-bar rest and a pivot rod for said operating arms, bothance and saleability of the typewriter is in '2. In a front-strike,noiseless typewriter, in combination, a platen, a set of type-barsoperating in planes substantially radiating from a given point, a set oftype-key levera each lying in sub-- stantially a direct front-to-rearposition and disposed below the corresponding type-bars, a system ofactuating connections between said type-bars and type-key levers, saidsystem of actuating connections including levers disposed above thekey-levers and operatingin planes ra.

diating forwardly and laterally from a given point, and links, one foreach type-action, con- .and a front segment inclined tow nectingsaidradiating operating levers to corresponding type-key levers, saidradiating operating levers presenting an array of operating armsdiverging toward the planes of the corresponding type-key levers, a combfor said typ e-key levers, a ds the front and defining an arc in closeproximity to the hdrizontal plane of the platen axis, the rear of saidsegment forming a type-bar rest and said segment carrying an arcuatepivot rod for said operating arms, each key-lever operating in avertical plane with an operatively effective downward pull on theconnecting link, and each typebar moving through a substantialfront-to-rear arc between the inoperative position and the printingpoint. I

3. In a front-strike, noiseless typewriter, in combination, a platen, aset of type-bars operating in planes radiating from a given point, a setof type-key levers each lying in substantially a direct front-to-rearposition and disposed below the corresponding type-bars, a system ofactuating connections between said type-bars and typekey levers, saidsystem of actuating connections including levers disposed above thekey-levers and operating in planes radiating forwardly/and laterallyfrom a'given point, and links, one for each type-action, connectingsaid-radiating op erating levers to' corresponding type-key levers, saidradiating operating levers presenting an array of operating armsdiverging toward the planes of the corresponding type-key levers, a combfor spacing said type-key levers, and a front segment carrying anarcuate pivot rod for said operating arms, inclined towards the frontand defining an arc in close proximity to the horizontal plane of theplaten axis, each keylever operating in a vertical-plane with anoperatively eiTective downward pull. on the connecting link, wherebyeasy and uniform typeaction is procured, and whereby a full set oftype-bars may be placed in a machine without operative interferencethereof, and with conse quent elimination of side strain on the comb oron the type-action or its mounting.

4. A front-strike typewriter of the noiseless class having a platen, anarray of type-bars piv otally mounted to swing rearwardly from below theprinting line through arcs to the line of printing on the platen, eachtype-bar carrying a type whichimpresses the platen in a line perpendicular to the tangent, of the platen at the printing point, a togglehaving a pivotal connection with and sufiiciently. near the top of saidtype-bar toeliminat completely any'fiexing of the type-bar when thetoggle is actuated, a front segment, said tog l being pivotally mountedon said segment in substantially thev same plane as the platen axis, asecondary toggle having a link and being pivotally, mounted below thetype-bar pivot,v and a key-lever connected with said first t le. Y

5. A front-striketypewriter of the. noiseless class having a platen,'anarray of type-bars pivotally mounted to swing rearwardly from below theprinting line through arcs above the line of printing on the platen,each type-bar carrying a type which impresses the platen in a lineperpenelicular to the tangent of the platen atth printing point, atoggle having a pivotal connection with and sufiicientlynear the top ofsaid type-bar to eliminate completelyany'fie'xing of the type-bar whenthe toggle is actuated, a front segment, said toggle being pivotallymounted on said segment in substantially the same plane as the platenaxis but inclined forwardly, and a secondary toggle having a link andbeing pivot? ally mounted below the type-bar pivot, and a key-leverconnected with said first toggle.

6. A front-strike typewriter of the noiseless class having a platen, anarray of type-bars pivotally mounted to swing rearwardly from below theprinting line through arcs above the line of printing on the platen,each type-bar carrying a type which impresses the platen in a lineperpendicular to the tangent of the platen at the printing point, atoggle having a pivotal connection with and sufficiently near the top ofsaid type-bar to eliminate completely any flexing of the type-bar whenthe toggle is actuated, a front segment, said toggle being pivotallymounted on said segment in substantially the same plane as the platenaxis, said tangent at the printingpoint on the platen being inclinedupwardly and rearwardly, and a secondary toggle having a link and beingpivotally mounted below the type-bar pivot, and a key-lever connectedwith said first toggle.

7. A front-strike typewriter of the noiseless class, having a platen, anarraybf type-bars pivotally mounted to swing rearwardly from below theprinting line through arcs above the line of printing on the platen,each type-bar carrying a type which impresses the platen in a lineperpendicular to the tangent of the platen at the printing point, atoggle having a pivotal connection with and sufliciently near the top ofsaid type-bar to eliminate completely any flexing of the type-bar whenthe toggle is actuated, a front segment, said toggle being pivotallymounted on said segment in substantially the same plane asthe platenaxis but inclined forwardly, said tangent at the printing point on theplaten being inclined upwardly and rearwardly at an angle ofsubstantially 15, and a secondary toggle having a link and beingpivotally mounted below the type-bar pivot, and a key-lever connectedwith said first toggle.

8. A front-strike typewriter of the noiseless class, having a platen, arow of type-bars mounted to swing rearwardly from below the line ofprinting through arcs above the line of printing, each type-bar beingpivotally mounted on a substantially horizontal arcuate rod tiltedforwardly and downwardly and carrying a type positioned thereon toapproach the platen in a line perpendicular to the tangent of the platenat the printing point, and a toggle having a pivotal connection with andsufiiciently near the top of said type-bar to eliminate completely any\flexing of the type-bar when the toggle is actuated, a front segment,said toggle being pivotally mounted in said segment in substantially thesame plane as the platen axis, said toggle pivotal mounting including anarcuate rod tilted forwardly and downwardly and lying in a planeparallel with said type-bar pivot rod.

9. A front-strike typewriter of the noiseless class, having a platen, arow of type-bars mounted to swing rearwardly from below the line ofprinting through an arc above the line of printing, each type-bar beingpivotally mounted on an'arcuate rod tilted forwardl'y'and downwardlyfrom the horizontal at an angle of substantially 10, and carrying a typepositioned thereon to approach the platen in a line perpendicular to thetangent of the platenat the printing point, and a toggle having apivotal connection with and sufliciently near the top of said type-baring, each type-bar being pivotally mounted on an arcuate rod tiltedforwardly and downwardly,

and carrying a type which impresses the platen.

in :a line perpendicular to the tangent of the platen at the printingpoint, a toggle having a pivotal connection with and sufiiciently nearthe top of said type-bar to eliminate completely any flexing of thetype-bar when the toggle is actuated, a front segment, said toggle beingpivotally mounted on said segment in substantially the same plane as theplaten axis, said pivotal mounting including an arcuate rod tiltedforwardly and downwardly in a plane parallel with said first-mentionedarcuate rod, said segment being also tilted forwardly and downwardly ina plane parallel with said second arcuate rod, a secondary toggle havinga pivotal, connection with said first toggle, a link connected with saidfirst toggle, a key-leverconnected with said link, a downwardly andforwardly inclined arcuate rod on which said secondary toggle ispivotally mounted, an arcuate rest for said type-bars mounted on saidfront segment and inclined forwardly and downwardly, whereby theappearance and saleability of the typewriter is enhanced, and whereby,among other results, the center of gravity of the typewriter is lowered.

11. In a front-strike-type action system cooperative with a platen, aset of type-carriers working in planes substantially radiating from agiven point, a set of type-key-levers individually ranging substantiallyfore and aft of the machine and disposed below the type-carriers, saidtype-carriers being pivotally mounted in an arcuate segment overlyingthe key-levers and being tilted downwardlyat the front adjacent to butjust clearing the tops of the key-levers, and a system of operatingconnections between said type-carriers and key-levers, said system ofconnections including operating levers disposed above the key-levers andworking in planes radiating forwardly and laterally from a given point,an arcuate array of pivots for said operating levers in close proximityto the horizontal plane of the platen axis, and links, one for eachtype-action, connecting said radial operating le ers; to correspondingtype-key levers, said radial operating levers presenting an array ofoperating arms diverging toward the planes of the corresponding type-keylevers, whereby, among other results, friction and wear of thetype-action and its mounting are decreased and the touch of thetypewriter lightened and made uniform.

\ 12. In a front-strike type-action system 00-. operativewith a platen,a set of type-carriers a system of operating connections between saidtype-carriers and key-levers, said system of connections includingoperating levers disposed above the key-levers and working in planessubstantially radiating forwardly and laterally from a given point, andlinks, one for each type-action, connecting said radial operating leversto corresponding type-key levers, said radial operating leverspresenting an array of operating arms diverging toward the planes of thecorresponding type-key levers, and a segment mounted forwardly of theplaten and over and to the rear of the keyboard having a forwardlyinclined type-carrier rest at the rear, said segment being inclinedforwardly and downwardly, whereby the appearance and saleability of thetypewriter are enhanced, and whereby, among other results, the center ofgravity of the machine is lowered with a resultant increase in thestability of the typewriter.

'13. In a front-strike type-action system co-' operative with a platen,a set of type-carriers working in planes substantially radiating from agiven point, a set of type-key-levers individually ranging substantiallyfore and aft of the machine and disposed below the type-carriers, saidtype-carriers being pivotally mounted in an arcuate segment overlyingthe key-levers and being tilted downwardly at the front adjacent to butclearing the tops of the key-levers, a system of operating connectionsbetween said type-can riers and type-key levers, said system ofconnections including operating levers disposed above the key-levers andworking in planes radiating forwardly and laterally from a given point,and

presenting an array of operating arms diverging toward the planes of thecorresponding ty'pekey levers, links, one for each type action,connecting saidradial operating levers to corresponding type-key levers,and a segment mounted forwardly of the platen and over and to the rearof the keyboard and having a forwardly inclined type-carrier rest at therear, said segment being inclined forwardly and downwardly, whereby theappearance and saleability of the typewriter are enhanced and wherebythe center of gravity of the machine is lowered with a resultantincrease in stability of the typewriter, said segment providing an arcof sufiicient size for a full normal set of type-key-levers so thatstraight key-levers without lateral extensions may be used and so thatthe links may operate substantially directly downwardly through directfastenings on the key-levers, thereby eliminating lateral thrusts, wear,and friction on g the parts and mounting of the type-action.

14. In a noiseless typewriter, in combination, a platen, a type-actionhaving a type-bar pivoted below the platen,a primary toggle pivoted infront of the platen and comprising twoarms, a secondary toggle pivotallyconnected with the forward arm of said primary toggle, the upper link ofsaid secondary toggle comprising a flyweight, a segment in front of thetype-bar pivot mounting, the lower arm of said secondary tog-a gle beingpivoted for forward and rearward swinging on said segment, a stoplimiting the rearward swinging of said lower arm, a recoil springmounted on said arm and tending to draw said arm forward, and an anchormounted on said segment and extending in front of said lower arm,fastened to said segment at either side and on which said recoil springis mounted.

15. In a noiseless typewriter, in combination, a platen, atype-actionfhaving a type-bar pivoted below the platen, a primary togglepivoted in front of the platen and comprising two arms,"

a secondary toggle pivotally connected with the forward arm of saidprimary toggle, the upper link of said secondary toggle comprising aflyweight, a segment in front of the type-bar pivot mounting, the lowerarm of said secondary toggle being pivoted for forward and rearwardswinging on said segment, a. soun -deadening stop comprising an underlayer of felt or the like and an over layer of thin resilient metal andlimiting the rearward swinging 'of said lower arm, a recoilspringmounted on said arm and tending to draw said arm forward, and ananchor mounted on said segmentand extending in front of said lower arm,fastened to said segment at either side and on which said recoil springis mounted.

16. In a typewriter, in combination, a platen, a type-action systemcomprising an array of a full complement of type-bars having theiroperating planes converging at a common point in front of the printingpoint, each type-action including an actuating toggle operative in thesame radial plane as the connected type-bar, a plurality of key-leverspivotally mounted to move in vertical planes parallel with one another,each type-action diverging towards a separate keylever, and links of thesame form and size connecting each toggle with a separate key-lever,

the' type-bars and the toggles being-pivotally mounted on concentricarcs of such radii that the pull of each link is substantially downwardwhereby all lateral projections from the keylevers are eliminated.

'17. In a typewriter, in combination, a platen, a type-action systemcomprising an array of a full complement of 44 type-bars, a pivot rodmounting said type-bars and in close proximity to a plane tangent to theplaten atthe printing ,point, converging at a common point in front oftype bars each type-action including an actuating toggle operative inthe same radial plane as the connected type-bar, said toggle beingoperative to effect a substantially direct thrust towards the platen andhaving a forwardly proje'cting arm, a plurality of key-levers pivotallyI tering in a line in which the planes of operation of the type-barsconverge, and lying in close proximity to a..plane tangential to theplaten at the printingpoint, type mountecLon the typebars, saidtype-:When engaging the. platen traveling in a line; perpendicular tothe tangential plane, the face of said type lying in said tangentialplane, and type-heads having shanks supporting the type on thetype-bars, the angle between a vertical plane perpendicular to the faceof the type and the shank being in identity withthe angle of convergenceof thecorresponding type-bar, and the tangent of half the'angle formedby the line of intersection of the plane I of any-type-bar action andthe plane through the platen axis at the printing point and'the line ofintersection of the plane of said typelthe printing point, the operatingplanesof said bar action and the plane through the platen axis parallelto the plane through the type-bar pivtering in a line in which theplanes of operation of the type-bars converge and lying in closeproximity to a plane tangential to the platen at the printing point,type mounted on the tabs of the type-bars, said type when engaging theplaten traveling in a line perpendicular to the tangential plane, theface of said type lying in said tangential plane, and type-heads havingshanks supporting the type on the type-bars, the

angle between a vertical plane perpendicular to the face of the type andthe shank being in identity with the angle of convergence of thecorresponding type-bar, and the sine equal to half of the angle betweenany type-bar tab and the main portion of the corresponding type-barbeing equal to the cosine of the angle between the plane parallel to thetype-bar pivots at the printing point and the plane from the platen axisto the printing point, divided by the cosine of half the angle formed bythe line of intersection of the plane of any type-bar action and theplane through the platen axis at the printing point and the line ofintersection of the plane of said type-bar action and the plane throughthe platen axis parallel to the plane through the type-bar pivots.

20. A type-action system for typewriters having pivoted type-bars and acylindrical platen, an arcuate array of pivots for the type-barscentering in a line in which the planes of operation of the type-barsconverge, and lying in close proximity to a plane tangential to theplaten at the printing point, type mounted on the typebars, said typewhen engaging the platen traveling in a line perpendicular to thetangential plane, the face of said type lying in said tangential plane,and type-heads having shanks supporting the type on the type-bars, theangle between a vertical plane perpendicular to-the face of the type andthe shank being in identity with the angle of convergence of thecorresponding type-bar, the tangent of half the angle formed by the lineof intersection of the plane of any type-bar action and the planethrough the platen axis at the printing point and the line ofintersection of the plane of said type-bar action and the plane throughthe platen axis parallel to the plane through the type-bar pivots beingequal to the cosine of the angle of convergence of the type-bar actiontoward the center plane multiplied by the tangent of half the anglebetween the plane parallel to the type-bar pivots at the printing pointand the plane from the platen axis to the printing point, and the sineequal to half of the angle between the type-bar tab and the main portionof the type-bar being equal tothe cosine of the angle between the planeparallel to the type-bar pivots at the printing point and the plane fromthe platen axis to the printing point divided by the cosine of half theangle formed by the line of intersection of the plane of any type-baraction and the plane through the platen axis at the printing point andthe line of intersection of the plane of said type-bar action and theplane through the platen axis parallel to the plane through the type-barpivots.

21. In a front-strike, noiseless typewriter having a cylindrical platen,an array of type-bars having their operating planes converging on a linetangential to the platen, an arcuate array of pivots for said type-bars,arranged in a substantially horizontal plane, the plane of said type barpivots being tilted forwardly and downwardly from the horizontal, eachtype bar carry ing a type positioned thereon to approach the platen in adirection substantially perpendicular to the tangent of the platencylinder at the printing point, said tangent, in a fore-and-aft verticalplane of the typewriter, being at a substantial angle from the line ofconvergence of the typebar planes, a toggle engaging each type-baradjacent the type carrying portion and having a forward arm pivotallymounted in front of the platen, a series of key levers, and linksbetween said key levers and said toggle arms.

22. In a front-strike, noiseless typewriter having a cylindrical platen,an array of type-bars having their operating planes converging on a linetangential to the platen, an arcuate array r of pivots for saidtype-bars, arranged in a substantially horizontal plane, the plane ofsaid type-bar pivots being tilted forwardly and downwardly from thehorizontal, each type-bar carrying a type positioned thereon to approachthe platen in a line perpendicular to the tangent of the platen cylinderat the printing point, said tangent being at a substantial angle fromthe line of convergence .of said type-bar operating planes, a toggleengaging each type-bar adjacent the type, said toggle having a forwardarm pivotally mounted in front of the platen, the pivots of said togglearms presenting a substantially horizontal arcuate array in parallelismwith the plane of said type-bar pivots, a series of keylevers, and linksbetween said key-levers and said toggle arms.

23. In a front strike, noiseless typewriter having a cylindrical platen,an array of pivoted typebars 'having their operating planes radiatingfrom a common line, an arcuate array of type-bar pivots disposed in asubstantially horizontal plane inclined forwardly and downwardly fromthe horizontal, a series of key levers ranging in a fore-and-aftdirection of the typewriter beneath said type-bar pivots, type-baractuating devices in the radiating operating planes of said type-bars,including a system of primary toggles having links pivoted to said typebars, and operating arms, an arcuate pivot rod for said operating arms,disposed in a substantially horizontal plane approximately at a levelwith the platen axis and inclined forwardly and downwardly, parallelwith said type-bar pivot array, said actuating devices also including aseries of secondary toggles articulated to said primary toggles, and anarcuate pivot rod for said secondary toggles, co-planar with saidtype-bar pivot array; and links connecting said primary toggle operatingarms to corresponding key levers, each of said type-bars having a typepositioned thereon to strike the platen at a printing pointsubstantially above the horizontal plane of the platen axis.

WILLIAM A. DOBSON.

Patent No. 2,18b,,75 5.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. v

Deceniber 26', 1959..- f WILLIAM A. DOBSON. i

It is hereby certified that. error appears in-the printec} specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 9,sec- 0nd column, lines 58 to inclusive, claim 1'], strike out thehvvords "point, converging at a common point in front of the printingpoint, the operating planes of said type bars" and insert instead point,the operating planes of said type-bars converging at a common point infront of the printing point,

- and that the-said Letters-Patent shoul d be readwith thiscbrrectiontherein that the same may conform to the record of the case inthe Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 6th day of February, A. vD. 191w.

Henry Van A-rsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

